Use (the basics):

The present perfect is used in two situations:

1. When we talk about how something in the past affects something in the present:

• I have lost my bank card and I can’t pay for anything at the moment.
• I have been to Italy before, so I can give you some travel tips if you want.

2. When we talk about something that started in the past and is still continuing now:

• I have lived in London since 2014
• I have been learning English for 3 years

Use (tips):

It can be difficult to correctly identify the two situations listed above, so it can be helpful to remember some specific situations that are likely to trigger the present perfect:

1. Using trigger words such as for, since, ever and never.

• I have lived here for 4 years
• I have known my best friend since I was 5 years old

2. To describe an event that happened in the past at an undefined time, i.e. the emphasis is not on time.

• I have been to Japan

3. Using words with an unfinished time period, e.g. yet, recently, this month.

• I haven’t seen the new Batman film yet.
• Recently, I have been really busy at work.
• I have gone for a walk everyday this month.

4. To describe achievements or experiences.

• I have already passed all of the exams to become a pilot.
• I have tried sushi before.